# Cryptokurs (cryptokurs.100k.kz) > Cryptokurs (cryptokurs.100k.kz) is an independent aggregator of USDT, BTC, ETH and SOL rates to the Kazakhstani tenge at crypto exchangers licensed by the National Bank of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Rates update every minute. We do not sell crypto, accept money or charge for listings. An exchanger's position depends only on its rate. ## Current rates as of October 6, 2026 at 08:35 PM (Almaty) - Best USDT buy rate for tenge: 456.06 ₸ (ImpactX) - Best USDT sell rate for tenge: 452.71 ₸ (Senim Digital) - Official NBK US dollar rate: 454.98 ₸ - Pax Finance: buy 458 ₸, sell 448 ₸; Fee 10,000 ₸ + 2% per deal. https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/pax-finance/ - AUSU: buy 475.30 ₸, sell 432.40 ₸; Rate depends on amount. https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/ausu/ - Senim Digital: buy 457.25 ₸, sell 452.71 ₸; No separate fees. https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/senim-digital/ - ImpactX: buy 456.06 ₸, sell 446.98 ₸; Deals from 100K ₸ to 1M ₸. https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/impactx/ - 100 USDT → 45,271 ₸ (Senim Digital). https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/konverter/100-usdt-v-tenge/ - 1000 USDT → 452,710 ₸ (Senim Digital). https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/konverter/1000-usdt-v-tenge/ - 100,000 ₸ → 219.27 USDT (ImpactX). https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/konverter/100000-tenge-v-usdt/ - 1,000,000 ₸ → 2,192.69 USDT (ImpactX). https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/konverter/1000000-tenge-v-usdt/ - 1 BTC → from 39,514,279 ₸ (Senim Digital). https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/kurs/btc-kzt/ - 1 ETH → from 1,238,373 ₸ (ImpactX). https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/kurs/eth-kzt/ - 1 SOL → from 58,287 ₸ (AUSU). https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/kurs/sol-kzt/ ## Key pages - [USDT to tenge rate today](https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/): rate table of all licensed exchangers - [Calculator](https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/kalkulyator/): Any amount and tax - [Registry of licensed crypto exchangers](https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/reestr/): official list of digital asset exchange operators - [Crypto to tenge converter](https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/konverter/) - [Crypto to tenge rates](https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/kurs/) - [Kazakhstan crypto exchangers compared](https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/sravnenie/) - [USDT to tenge rate archive](https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/arhiv/) - [Crypto glossary](https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/slovar/) - [Methodology](https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/metodologiya/) ## Exchangers - [Pax Finance](https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/pax-finance/): Pax Finance deducts a service fee from the exchanged amount: 10,000 ₸ + 2% for deals under 1,500 USDT, 2% up to 10,000 USDT and 1.5% above. So for small amounts the final rate is noticeably worse than the board rate. NBK licence No. 0126001О of 30.06.2026, ТОО "Pax Finance". - [AUSU](https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/ausu/): At AUSU the rate depends on the order size: up to 1,000 USDT the markup is 7%, the board shows the rate for 1,000 USDT to 1M ₸, and large amounts get a better rate. Minimum deal is 25,000 ₸. NBK licence No. 1726001О of 30.07.2026, ТОО "AUSU". - [Senim Digital](https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/senim-digital/): Senim Digital lists no separate fees; the spread is built into the rate. NBK licence No. 0226001О of 10.09.2026, ТОО "Senim digital Finance". - [ImpactX](https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/impactx/): ImpactX charges no separate fees; deals are possible from 100,000 ₸ to 1,000,000 ₸. NBK licence No. 0126002О of 02.10.2026, ТОО "Impact Finance". ## Answers to common queries - [Buy USDT with tenge](https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/kupit-usdt/): Where to buy USDT for tenge: live comparison of licensed exchangers in Kazakhstan, the final amount after fees and a step-by-step guide. - [Sell USDT for tenge](https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/prodat-usdt/): Where to sell USDT for tenge: live buyback rates of licensed exchangers in Kazakhstan, the amount you receive after fees, withdrawal to a card and taxes. - [Buy bitcoin with tenge](https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/kupit-bitkoin/): Where to buy bitcoin (BTC) for tenge: live rates of licensed exchangers in Kazakhstan, how much BTC you get for your amount and how to store it safely. - [Crypto exchanger in Almaty](https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/obmennik-kriptovalyut-almaty/): Crypto exchangers in Almaty licensed by the National Bank of Kazakhstan: registry addresses, live USDT to tenge rates and how to exchange crypto legally without meeting strangers. - [Crypto exchanger in Astana](https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/obmennik-kriptovalyut-astana/): Crypto exchangers in Astana licensed by the National Bank of Kazakhstan: registry companies with addresses, live USDT to tenge rates and how to tell a legal exchanger from an illegal one. - [Crypto exchanger in Shymkent](https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/obmennik-kriptovalyut-shymkent/): Legal crypto exchanger in Shymkent: companies from the NBK registry, live USDT to tenge rates, terms and how to exchange crypto safely. - [Crypto exchanger in Karaganda](https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/obmennik-kriptovalyut-karaganda/): How to legally buy or sell USDT for tenge in Karaganda: NBK-licensed exchangers work online, live rates and rules for a safe exchange. - [Cash out USDT to Kaspi](https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/vyvesti-usdt-na-kaspi/): How to sell USDT and receive tenge on a Kaspi Gold or other bank card legally: through an NBK-licensed exchanger, without P2P transfers from strangers or the risk of a block. - [Buy USDT via Kaspi](https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/kupit-usdt-cherez-kaspi/): How to buy USDT paying with a Kaspi or other Kazakh bank card: NBK-licensed exchangers, live rates, payment steps and common mistakes. - [Legal crypto exchanger in Kazakhstan](https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/legalnyi-kriptoobmennik/): Which crypto exchangers in Kazakhstan operate legally, how to check a National Bank of Kazakhstan license, the dangers of illegal exchangers and what the digital assets law says. - [Zero-fee exchanger](https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/obmennik-bez-komissii/): Do zero-fee crypto exchangers exist: service fee versus spread, which exchanger in Kazakhstan is really cheaper for your amount and how to calculate it. ## Learn - [What USDT is and why it trades near $1](https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/obuchenie/chto-takoe-usdt/): USDT is a stablecoin issued by Tether and pegged to the US dollar: 1 USDT is worth about 1 dollar. In Kazakhstan it is bought and sold for tenge at licensed exchangers, usually slightly above the official dollar rate. - [How to buy USDT for tenge legally](https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/obuchenie/kak-kupit-usdt/): You can legally buy USDT for tenge at an exchanger in the NBK registry: choose by final amount, pass verification, enter your wallet and the correct network, and pay from a card in your name. - [How to choose a crypto exchanger](https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/obuchenie/kak-vybrat-obmennik/): Choose a crypto exchanger by five criteria: an NBK license, the final amount after fees, trade limits, payout speed and support. A board rate that ignores fees is misleading. - [USDT networks: TRC20, ERC20 and TON](https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/obuchenie/seti-trc20-erc20-ton/): USDT exists on several networks: TRC20 (Tron) and TON are cheaper for transfers, ERC20 (Ethereum) costs more. Send USDT only on a network the recipient supports, otherwise funds can be lost. - [How to store crypto safely](https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/obuchenie/bezopasnoe-hranenie/): Safe crypto storage rests on three rules: your own non-custodial wallet for large amounts, the seed phrase only on paper offline, and two-factor authentication on every account. - [Crypto scams: how to spot them](https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/obuchenie/moshennichestvo/): The most common USDT scams in Kazakhstan are fake exchangers, P2P deals paid by third parties, "investments" with guaranteed returns and fake support. The main protection is an NBK-registry exchanger and never sharing your seed phrase. - [Crypto taxes in Kazakhstan in 2026](https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/obuchenie/nalogi-na-kriptu/): From 2026 an individual's profit from selling crypto is subject to personal income tax: 10% on annual income up to 8,500 MCI and 15% above. The tax is calculated on the difference between the sale price and the documented purchase price and declared on form 270.00. - [How to read an exchanger's rate](https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/obuchenie/kak-chitat-kurs/): The buy rate is the price at which you buy USDT from an exchanger, the sell rate is the price at which it buys USDT back. The difference is the spread, and fees and limits further change the final price of a deal. - [P2P or exchanger: where is it safer to buy USDT](https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/obuchenie/p2p-ili-obmennik/): P2P sometimes offers a slightly better rate, but you pay a stranger and risk your card and money. A licensed exchanger works through a bank account, issues receipts for tax and answers to the regulator. - [Binance and Bybit in Kazakhstan: how they work and how they differ from exchangers](https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/obuchenie/binance-bybit-v-kazahstane/): Major exchanges operate in Kazakhstan through legal entities registered in the AIFC and supervised by the AFSA regulator. An exchange is for trading and a wide choice of coins, while for a simple tenge to USDT swap an NBK-registry exchanger is usually easier. - [The AIFC and AIX: Astana's crypto exchanges explained](https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/obuchenie/mfca-aix/): The AIFC is a special financial zone in Astana with its own law and the AFSA regulator. AIFC crypto exchanges and NBK-licensed exchangers follow different rules, and customers should know who supervises the service they use. - [The digital assets law in Kazakhstan: what is allowed and what is not](https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/obuchenie/zakon-o-tsifrovyh-aktivah/): The 2023 digital assets law splits crypto into secured and unsecured assets and licenses mining and exchange. Individuals may own crypto and exchange it with licensed operators, and income from sales is taxed. - [KYC and AML: why an exchanger asks for documents and a selfie](https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/obuchenie/kyc-aml/): KYC means verifying the customer's identity, AML means preventing money laundering. A licensed exchanger is required by law to do both, so a "no verification" service is almost certainly unlicensed. - [Card blocked over crypto: why it happens and what to do](https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/obuchenie/blokirovka-kart/): Cards are most often blocked over P2P transfers from strangers: banks must review suspicious operations. Deals through a licensed exchanger, with a transfer from a company to your own account, rarely raise questions. - [Form 270.00 for crypto: how to declare your income](https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/obuchenie/deklaratsiya-270/): Individuals declare income from selling crypto themselves on form 270.00. Tax is calculated on the difference between the sale price and the documented purchase price, so the key is to collect exchanger statements in advance. - [USDT or USDC: which stablecoin to choose](https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/obuchenie/usdt-ili-usdc/): Tether's USDT is the most liquid stablecoin, bought and sold by every exchanger in Kazakhstan. Circle's USDC is considered more transparent but is less common at Kazakh exchangers. - [Network fees for sending USDT: TRC20, ERC20, TON, BEP20](https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/obuchenie/komissii-setei/): The USDT transfer fee depends on the network, not the amount. TON and Tron are usually cheaper, Ethereum costs more and depends heavily on congestion. Always pick a network the recipient supports. - [Cold wallet: how to store crypto offline](https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/obuchenie/holodnyi-koshelek/): A cold wallet keeps keys offline, so it is practically impossible to hack over the internet. It is meant for large amounts and long-term storage, while a hot wallet is enough for everyday transfers. - [Wallet in Telegram: is it convenient to keep USDT in a messenger](https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/obuchenie/telegram-wallet/): The built-in Telegram wallet is handy for small amounts and TON transfers. But in custodial mode the service, not you, holds the keys, so large amounts are safer in your own non-custodial wallet. - [P2P scams: USDT schemes and how to spot them](https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/obuchenie/moshennichestvo-p2p/): The main P2P danger is not that you will not be paid, but that you will be paid with stolen money. Then you lose the USDT and the bank blocks your card. Do not release USDT until money arrives from the account holder on the platform. - [Fake crypto exchangers: how to spot a fake](https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/obuchenie/feikovye-obmenniki/): Fake exchangers copy the design of well-known services, promise the best rate and vanish after payment. Checking takes two minutes: the company must be in the NBK registry and the domain must match the official one. - [What is bitcoin, in plain words](https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/obuchenie/chto-takoe-bitkoin/): Bitcoin is the first decentralised cryptocurrency, with supply capped at 21 million coins. Its tenge price combines the global dollar price and the tenge exchange rate, and BTC can be bought legally from licensed exchangers. - [What is Ethereum and why ETH matters](https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/obuchenie/chto-takoe-ethereum/): Ethereum is a blockchain platform for smart contracts, and ETH is its coin. ETH pays fees on the network, including transfers of USDT in the ERC20 standard. - [How to buy bitcoin with tenge: a step-by-step guide](https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/obuchenie/kak-kupit-bitkoin/): Bitcoin can be bought legally from an NBK-registry exchanger that publishes a BTC to tenge rate. The key steps are preparing your own BTC wallet, comparing the spread and confirming receipt in a block explorer. - [How to sell USDT for tenge: a step-by-step guide](https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/obuchenie/kak-prodat-usdt/): To sell USDT profitably and safely, compare the payout at licensed exchangers, send USDT on the network from the order and receive tenge in your own account. Keep the documents for tax. - [How to send USDT to another wallet or exchange without mistakes](https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/obuchenie/kak-otpravit-usdt/): A USDT transfer is irreversible, so what matters most is matching the network on both sides and an exact address. Use a test amount for the first transfer to a new address. - [Spread and markup: what you really pay an exchanger](https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/obuchenie/spred-i-nacenka/): The spread is the difference between the buy and sell rates, and it is how the exchanger earns. A service fee and a markup on small amounts can come on top, so compare the final amount rather than the board rate. - [Seed phrase: what it is and how to store it](https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/obuchenie/seed-fraza/): A 12 or 24-word seed phrase is the master key to a wallet: whoever knows it owns the funds. Write it only on paper or metal, keep it offline and never enter it on websites. ## Crypto glossary - [AIFC](https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/slovar/mfca/): The Astana International Financial Centre, a special zone with its own law, where crypto exchanges are licensed by the AFSA regulator. - [AML](https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/slovar/aml/): Measures against money laundering. Exchangers and banks monitor suspicious operations. - [Bitcoin](https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/slovar/bitkoin/): The first decentralised cryptocurrency, with supply capped at 21 million coins. - [Blockchain](https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/slovar/blokchein/): A shared public ledger of transactions kept by thousands of independent computers. - [Cold wallet](https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/slovar/holodnyi-koshelek/): A way of storing crypto where keys never touch an internet-connected device. - [Crypto exchange](https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/slovar/birzha/): A platform where users trade crypto with each other at market prices. - [Crypto exchanger](https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/slovar/kriptoobmennik/): A company that buys and sells crypto for fiat money at its own rate. - [Custodial wallet](https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/slovar/kastodialnyi-koshelek/): A wallet where a company, not the user, holds the keys. In a non-custodial wallet only you hold them. - [Digital asset](https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/slovar/tsifrovoi-aktiv/): The legal term in Kazakh law for cryptocurrencies and tokens, which may be secured or unsecured. - [ERC20](https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/slovar/erc20/): The token standard on Ethereum; transfer fees are paid in ETH and depend on network congestion. - [Ethereum](https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/slovar/ethereum/): A blockchain platform for smart contracts whose coin, ETH, pays network fees. - [Halving](https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/slovar/halving/): The halving of bitcoin miners' reward, which happens roughly every four years. - [KYC](https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/slovar/kyc/): Customer identity verification by ID and selfie, mandatory for licensed exchangers. - [Mining](https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/slovar/maining/): Confirming blockchain transactions with computing power in exchange for new coins and fees. - [NBK license](https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/slovar/litsenziya-nbrk/): A National Bank of Kazakhstan license to exchange digital assets; without it an exchanger operates illegally. - [Network fee](https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/slovar/komissiya-seti/): The blockchain's charge for processing a transfer; it depends on the network and congestion, not the amount. - [P2P](https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/slovar/p2p/): A crypto deal directly between two people, usually paid by card transfer. - [Private key](https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/slovar/privatnyi-klyuch/): A secret number that proves the right to spend funds at an address. - [Satoshi](https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/slovar/satoshi/): The smallest unit of bitcoin. 1 satoshi equals 0.00000001 BTC. - [Seed phrase](https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/slovar/seed-fraza/): A set of 12 or 24 words from which a wallet derives all its keys. Whoever knows the phrase owns the funds. - [Service fee](https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/slovar/servisnyi-sbor/): An exchanger's charge per trade on top of the rate, charged as a fixed amount, a percentage or both. - [Solana](https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/slovar/solana/): A fast, low-fee blockchain whose coin, SOL, pays for operations and is used for staking. - [Spread](https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/slovar/spred/): The gap between an exchanger's buy and sell rates, its main source of income. - [Stablecoin](https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/slovar/steiblkoin/): A cryptocurrency whose price is pegged to a stable asset, most often the US dollar. - [TON](https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/slovar/ton/): The Open Network blockchain, linked to Telegram, with very low fees and fast transfers. - [Transaction hash](https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/slovar/hesh-tranzakcii/): A unique identifier of a blockchain transfer used to find it in a block explorer. - [TRC20](https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/slovar/trc20/): The token standard on the Tron network, the most popular network for USDT transfers thanks to low fees. - [USDC](https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/slovar/usdc/): A US-regulated stablecoin issued by Circle and pegged to the US dollar. - [USDT](https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/slovar/usdt/): A stablecoin issued by Tether and pegged to the US dollar. 1 USDT is worth about 1 dollar. - [Wallet address](https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/slovar/adres-koshelka/): A public string of characters you can send crypto to, like an account number. ## Open data - [rates.json](https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/rates.json): current rates as JSON, updated every minute - [llms-full.txt](https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/llms-full.txt): full version with exchanger terms, registry, lessons and glossary - [sitemap.xml](https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/sitemap.xml) ## How to cite - Source: Cryptokurs, cryptokurs.100k.kz, data as of October 6, 2026 at 08:35 PM (Almaty). Rates are indicative; confirm the final rate with the exchanger. ## Optional - [RU](https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/ru/) - [KK](https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/kk/) --- ## All pairs by exchanger ### Pax Finance - USDT/KZT: buy 458 (≈ $1.007), sell 448 - USDT/RUB: buy 82, sell 90 (non-residents only) - USDT/USD: buy 1.02, sell 0.98 (non-residents only) - Pax Finance deducts a service fee from the exchanged amount: 10,000 ₸ + 2% for deals under 1,500 USDT, 2% up to 10,000 USDT and 1.5% above. So for small amounts the final rate is noticeably worse than the board rate. ### AUSU - BTC/KZT: buy 42,255,857 (≈ $92,874), sell 37,756,390 - ETH/KZT: buy 1,304,805 (≈ $2,868), sell 1,206,329 - SOL/KZT: buy 58,287 (≈ $128.11), sell 53,888 - USDT/KZT: buy 475.30 (≈ $1.045), sell 432.40 - At AUSU the rate depends on the order size: up to 1,000 USDT the markup is 7%, the board shows the rate for 1,000 USDT to 1M ₸, and large amounts get a better rate. Minimum deal is 25,000 ₸. ### Senim Digital - BTC/KZT: buy 39,514,279 (≈ $86,848), sell 39,121,102 - ETH/KZT: buy 1,242,763 (≈ $2,731), sell 1,230,397 - USDT/KZT: buy 457.25 (≈ $1.005), sell 452.71 - Senim Digital lists no separate fees; the spread is built into the rate. ### ImpactX - ETH/KZT: buy 1,238,373 (≈ $2,722), sell 1,213,730 - USDT/KZT: buy 456.06 (≈ $1.002), sell 446.98 - ImpactX charges no separate fees; deals are possible from 100,000 ₸ to 1,000,000 ₸. ## Registry of licensed crypto exchangers - ТОО "Pax Finance": Licence No. 0126001О of 30.06.2026, BIN 260540020321, г. Астана, район Нұра, просп. Қабанбай Батыр, здание 47/2, нежилое помещение 2 - ТОО "AUSU": Licence No. 1726001О of 30.07.2026, BIN 260540022655, г. Шымкент, Аль-Фарабийский район, улица Бекет Батыр, дом 127А - ТОО "Senim digital Finance": Licence No. 0226001О of 10.09.2026, BIN 260840016126, г. Алматы, Медеуский район, улица Елебекова, дом 10 - ТОО "Impact Finance": Licence No. 0126002О of 02.10.2026, BIN 251240012433, г. Астана, район Нұра, ул. Сыганак, здание 17У, квартира 34 Registry source: https://nationalbank.kz/ru/page/unsecured-asset-exchange-operators ## FAQ ### Where is it cheapest to buy USDT for tenge today? Right now ImpactX sells USDT cheapest: 456.06 ₸ per 1 USDT ($1.002). Senim Digital pays the most for USDT: 452.71 ₸. Rates refresh every minute. ### Which exchangers are compared? Pax Finance, AUSU, Senim Digital and ImpactX. These are Kazakhstan crypto exchangers licensed by the National Bank and listed in its official registry. ### Do exchangers charge extra fees? Pax Finance deducts a service fee from the exchanged amount: 10,000 ₸ + 2% for deals under 1,500 USDT, 2% up to 10,000 USDT and 1.5% above. So for small amounts the final rate is noticeably worse than the board rate. At AUSU the rate depends on the order size: up to 1,000 USDT the markup is 7%, the board shows the rate for 1,000 USDT to 1M ₸, and large amounts get a better rate. Minimum deal is 25,000 ₸. Senim Digital lists no separate fees; the spread is built into the rate. ImpactX charges no separate fees; deals are possible from 100,000 ₸ to 1,000,000 ₸. The calculator on this site applies these terms. Your bank's fees and blockchain network fees are paid separately. ### How often are rates updated? Every minute Cryptokurs reads rates from the exchangers' public pages. If an exchanger is temporarily unavailable, its last known rate is shown with the time it was updated. ### Why does the USDT rate differ from the NBK dollar rate? USDT is pegged to the dollar, but exchangers add a markup and spread. Today's official rate is 454.98 ₸ per $1. That is why buying USDT usually costs slightly more than a dollar and selling brings slightly less. ### Can I buy USDT through Cryptokurs? No. Cryptokurs only compares public rates. You deal directly with the exchanger on its website, and the final rate depends on the amount and payment method. ## Cryptokurs methodology This page explains how Cryptokurs collects, checks and displays data. We publish it so that any reader, journalist or AI assistant can see where every number on the site comes from. ### Data sources Data | Source | Frequency | USDT, BTC, ETH, SOL rates | Public APIs and pages of licensed exchangers | Every minute | Official dollar rate | National Bank of Kazakhstan | Every minute, as published | Licensed operators | NBK registry | Regular checks | News | Regulator websites and industry media | Throughout the day | We show rates exactly as the exchanger publishes them. No markups of our own, no rounding in anyone's favour, no hidden adjustments. ### Which exchangers are compared Only companies listed in the National Bank of Kazakhstan registry of digital asset exchange operators that publish a public rate are compared. If an operator is licensed but its rate is not published anywhere, it stays in the registry but does not appear in the rate table. An exchanger is removed from the comparison if its license is revoked or suspended, or if it stops publishing a rate for a long time. ### Data checks Every rate passes automatic checks before publication: - the exchanger response must contain both USDT to tenge rates, buy and sell; - the rate must fall within an allowed range, otherwise the response is treated as a source error; - the time the exchanger published the rate is stored together with it. If a source is unavailable or fails the checks, the site keeps the last verified rate with its timestamp. We never substitute another exchanger's rate or invent a value. ### How the final amount is calculated The board rate is not always the final rate. The calculator and the converter pages apply each exchanger's published tariffs: Model | How it works | Example | Service fee | A fixed amount plus a percentage is deducted from the exchange amount | Pax Finance | Size-based markup | The rate depends on the order size, small trades cost more | AUSU | Spread in the rate | No separate fees, the margin is already in the rate | Senim Digital, ImpactX | Limits | Minimum and maximum trade size | All exchangers | Your bank's fees and blockchain network fees are not included: they depend on your bank and the chosen network. See the lesson on TRC20, ERC20 and TON. ### How the best rate is chosen On the home page the best buy rate is the lowest price at which an exchanger sells USDT to a customer, and the best sell rate is the highest price at which it buys USDT back. Exchangers that charge a fee separately from the board do not take part in the best board rate, because their board does not reflect the real price. For a specific amount only the calculator gives a fair comparison. ### History and archive Every rate snapshot is stored. It powers the charts on exchanger pages and the daily archive with open, close, minimum and maximum rates. Past days in the archive are never changed retroactively. ### Open data - rates.json: current rates of all exchangers, updated every minute. - llms.txt: a short plain-text summary for language models. - llms-full.txt: the full version with exchanger terms, registry, lessons and glossary. ### How to cite Cryptokurs When quoting, give the source and the data time, for example: "according to Cryptokurs (cryptokurs.100k.kz) on 6 October 2026, 14:00 Almaty time". Rates change every minute, so a number without a time loses its meaning. ### Independence and corrections Cryptokurs does not sell cryptocurrency, does not accept money and does not charge for ranking positions. If you find a mistake in a rate, exchanger terms or text, contact us via the contacts page. After a correction the page update date changes. ## Buy USDT with tenge https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/kupit-usdt/ ### How to buy USDT with tenge in 5 steps - Choose an exchanger. Compare the final amount in the table above or in the calculator. The board rate means different things at different exchangers: some include the fee in the rate, others deduct it separately. - Check the license. The company name on the exchanger's website must match the entry in the NBK registry. - Pass verification. You need an ID, a phone and a selfie. It usually takes from a few minutes to a day. - Enter your wallet and network. Copy the address only from your own wallet. The order network must match the wallet network: see the lesson on TRC20, ERC20 and TON. - Pay from a card or account in your name. A licensed exchanger rejects payments from other people's cards. ### What to check besides the rate - Service fee. A fixed fee hits small amounts hard. On 50,000 ₸ the gap between exchangers can exceed 10%. - Size-based markup. Some exchangers give a worse rate on small orders than on the board. - Limits. Minimum and maximum trade sizes differ, so a large purchase sometimes has to be split. - Network fee. Charged by the exchanger or the blockchain when USDT is sent to your wallet. ### What to avoid Do not buy USDT from random sellers on Telegram or P2P platforms with payment to a private card. It is a common scam, and the bank may block your card over suspicious transfers. More in the lesson on crypto scams. Keep purchased USDT in your own wallet and save receipts: you will need them to calculate tax if you later sell USDT at a higher price. ## Sell USDT for tenge https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/prodat-usdt/ ### How to sell USDT for tenge - Compare the payout. Look at the final amount in the table rather than the board rate. Use the calculator for your own amount. - Check the exchanger in the NBK registry. Selling to an unlicensed service gives you no guarantees. - Pass verification and enter a card or account in your name. - Send USDT to the address from the order. Check the network: sending ERC20 USDT to a TRC20 address can lose the funds. See the lesson on networks. - Wait for the tenge. Save the receipt and the transaction hash. ### How to get more tenge - Sell in one order. With a fixed fee, two small sales cost more than one large sale. - Mind the limits. Some exchangers have a minimum trade size, and some change the rate with order size. - Watch the spread. The gap between buy and sell at one exchanger shows what a round trip costs you. See how to read a rate. ### Taxes and documents Since 2026 an individual's profit from selling digital assets is subject to personal income tax. The tax is calculated on the difference between the sale price and the documented purchase price, so keep exchanger statements. More in the lesson on crypto taxes. ## Buy bitcoin with tenge https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/kupit-bitkoin/ ### How to buy bitcoin - Compare offers in the table above or on the BTC to tenge page. BTC spreads differ a lot between exchangers. - Check the license in the NBK registry. - Prepare a BTC wallet. A bitcoin address differs from a USDT address, never mix them up. - Create an order and pay from a card or account in your name. - Confirm receipt in a block explorer. A BTC transfer is usually confirmed within 10-60 minutes. ### What to know before buying - Volatility. Bitcoin can move 5-10% in a day. Only buy an amount whose swings you can accept. - Spread. It is usually wider for BTC than for USDT. Compare buy and sell rates at one exchanger to see the cost of a round trip. - Storage. For long-term holding use your own non-custodial wallet. See the lesson on safe storage. - Taxes. Selling BTC above your purchase price creates income subject to personal income tax. More in the lesson on taxes. ## Crypto exchanger in Almaty https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/obmennik-kriptovalyut-almaty/ ### How to exchange crypto legally in Almaty The National Bank of Kazakhstan licenses digital asset exchange operators, and only these companies may legally exchange crypto for tenge. Their legal address can be in any city, but they serve customers across Kazakhstan online. - Compare rates and final amounts in the table above or in the calculator. - Check the company name against the NBK registry. - Pass online verification and pay from a card in your name. ### Why you should not trade "hand to hand" Almaty has many ads offering USDT exchange at a meeting or via card transfer. The risks are the same: counterfeit banknotes, reversed transfers after you send USDT, and card blocks over transfers from strangers. More in the lesson on crypto scams. ### Choosing an exchanger The company's city of registration does not affect the rate. What matters is the final amount after fees, limits and payout speed. The lesson how to choose an exchanger explains how to compare, and head-to-head comparisons are in the comparisons section. ## Crypto exchanger in Astana https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/obmennik-kriptovalyut-astana/ ### Legal crypto exchange in Astana Astana hosts both exchangers licensed by the National Bank of Kazakhstan and crypto exchanges of the Astana International Financial Centre (AIFC). For a direct tenge to USDT exchange an NBK-registry exchanger is simpler: the rate is known upfront and the money goes through your bank account. - Compare rates and final amounts in the table above or in the calculator. - Check the company in the NBK registry: the name and BIN must match the exchanger's website. - Pass online verification and pay from a card or account in your name. ### How to spot an illegal exchanger - the company is not in the NBK registry and its website shows no BIN or license number; - you are asked to send money to a private person's card; - the rate is far better than the market or "no verification" is promised; - communication only via messengers, with no contract or receipts. More in the lessons on scams and how to choose an exchanger. ### Exchangers from other cities Companies registered in Almaty or Shymkent serve Astana residents online in the same way. Compare their terms directly in the exchanger comparisons. ## Crypto exchanger in Shymkent https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/obmennik-kriptovalyut-shymkent/ ### How to buy USDT in Shymkent - Compare the final amount in the table above. Some exchangers change the rate with order size, so small purchases may differ from the board. - Check the company in the NBK registry. - Pass verification and pay from a card in your name. - Receive USDT in your own wallet after checking the network: see the lesson on TRC20, ERC20 and TON. ### The rate depends on the amount Some exchangers charge a higher markup on orders below a certain size. If you buy a small amount, compare the result in the calculator: the best board rate does not always give the most USDT. ### Safety Do not exchange crypto through ads that ask for a transfer to a private card, and never share your wallet's seed phrase. See the lessons on safe storage and scams. ## Crypto exchanger in Karaganda https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/obmennik-kriptovalyut-karaganda/ ### How to exchange crypto from Karaganda A legal exchange does not require an office in your city. Licensed exchangers work fully online: - Compare the final amount in the table above or in the calculator. - Check the exchanger in the NBK registry. - Sign up and pass verification with an ID and a selfie. - Pay from a card in your name and receive USDT in your own wallet. ### Why street exchangers are dangerous Booths that swap crypto for cash without a license operate outside the law. If a deal goes wrong, getting money back through a court or bank is almost impossible. Money from such deals can also be linked to fraud, and the bank may block your card. More in the lesson on scams. ### Further reading - How to buy USDT for tenge legally - How to choose a crypto exchanger - Crypto taxes in Kazakhstan ## Cash out USDT to Kaspi https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/vyvesti-usdt-na-kaspi/ ### How to cash out USDT to a card legally - Choose the exchanger with the best payout in the table above. Use the calculator for another amount. - Check the license in the NBK registry. - Pass verification and enter a card or account in your name. The exchanger will not pay to a relative's or friend's card. - Send USDT to the address from the order on the correct network. - Receive tenge on your card and save the receipt. ### Why P2P cash-outs are riskier On P2P platforms you sell USDT to a private person who pays from their own card. Problems arise when: - the buyer pays with stolen money and the victim disputes the transfer; - many transfers from different people hit your card and the bank freezes it for review; - the buyer sends a fake receipt and no real money arrives. With a licensed exchanger the money comes from a legal entity with a clear payment reference. More in the lesson on scams. ### Tax on cashing out The withdrawal itself is not taxed, the profit from the sale is. Keep proof of your USDT purchase price so you only pay tax on the difference. More in the lesson on crypto taxes. ## Buy USDT via Kaspi https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/kupit-usdt-cherez-kaspi/ ### How to buy USDT paying with your own bank card - Compare offers in the table above: it shows how much USDT you get after all fees. - Check the exchanger in the NBK registry. - Confirm the payment method on the exchanger's website: bank transfer, card payment or another option. - Pass verification. The card or account you pay from must be in your name. - Enter your wallet address and network, then pay for the order. ### Common mistakes - Paying from someone else's card. The exchanger will refund the payment or hold the deal for checks. - Wrong network. TRC20 and ERC20 addresses look different, and a transfer to the wrong network may be lost. See the lesson on networks. - Payment reference. If the exchanger asks for the order number in the payment reference, crediting is delayed without it. - Buying through ads. Telegram sellers asking for a Kaspi Gold transfer give no guarantees. More in the lesson on scams. ### What next After buying, move USDT to your own wallet and keep the statement: it proves your purchase price for tax when you sell later. ## Legal crypto exchanger in Kazakhstan https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/legalnyi-kriptoobmennik/ ### How to check an exchanger's license in a minute - Find the full legal entity name and BIN on the exchanger's website, usually in the footer or the user agreement. - Open the registry of licensed operators on Cryptokurs or on the National Bank of Kazakhstan website. - Compare the name, BIN and license number. If anything differs or the company is missing, it is not a licensed exchanger. ### Signs of an illegal exchanger - no BIN, license number or legal address; - payment is requested to a private person's card; - no verification, or an offer to bypass it; - a rate far better than every licensed exchanger; - a website that copies a known brand with a domain one letter off. ### What a license gives the customer A licensed operator must identify customers, keep transaction records and work through bank accounts. For you that means a clear agreement, receipts for the tax office and a legal entity you can hold accountable. ### Further reading - How to choose a crypto exchanger - Crypto scams - Crypto taxes in Kazakhstan - Cryptokurs methodology ## Zero-fee exchanger https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/obmennik-bez-komissii/ ### What the cost of an exchange consists of Cost | What it looks like | How to check | Spread | The gap between buy and sell rates | Compare both rates on the exchanger page | Service fee | A fixed amount plus a percentage per trade | Exchanger terms and the calculator | Size-based markup | A worse rate on small orders | The table above and the calculator | Network fee | The cost of a blockchain transfer | The lesson on networks | The spread and how to read a rate are explained in the lesson how to read an exchanger rate. ### How to find the cheapest exchanger - Enter your amount in the calculator: it applies every exchanger's fees, markups and limits. - See the head-to-head exchanger comparisons at 100,000, 500,000 and 1,000,000 ₸. - Account for the network fee: a TRC20 USDT transfer is usually cheaper than ERC20. See the lesson on networks. ### Beware of "zero fees" Services promising exchange "with no fee and no verification" are most often unlicensed. Check the company in the NBK registry before sending money. ## What USDT is and why it trades near $1 https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/obuchenie/chto-takoe-usdt/ USDT, or Tether, is a stablecoin: a cryptocurrency pegged to the US dollar. One USDT is meant to equal one dollar. It is the most popular crypto asset for transfers and for holding savings in dollar terms. ### Who issues USDT The token is issued by Tether. The company states that every USDT in circulation is backed by reserves, mostly short-term US Treasury bills, cash and other assets, and it publishes regular reserve reports. USDT is not legal tender and is not insured by any government. Its value rests on trust in the issuer and its reserves. ### Why it stays near $1 If USDT trades below a dollar, large players buy it up and redeem it with the issuer for $1. If it trades above, they mint new tokens for dollars and sell them. This arbitrage keeps the price close to $1. At Kazakhstan exchangers USDT usually costs slightly more than the official dollar rate. The gap comes from the spread, the exchanger's markup and banking costs. Compare current prices on the home page. ### USDT vs bitcoin | USDT | Bitcoin | Price | About $1 | Floats freely | Used for | Transfers, payments, holding | Investment, savings | Issuer | Tether | None | Main risk | Trust in reserves | Volatility | ### Networks The same USDT exists on several blockchains: Tron (TRC20), Ethereum (ERC20), TON and others. They differ in fees and speed, and their addresses are not interchangeable. See the lesson on TRC20, ERC20 and TON. ### Risks - Issuer. If trust in Tether's reserves weakens, the price can drift from the dollar. - Freezes. Tether can freeze USDT on an address at the request of law enforcement. - Transfer mistakes. Sending to the wrong network or address is usually irreversible. ### In short USDT is a convenient way to hold and move money in dollar terms. Buy it only from licensed exchangers and check the network before every transfer. ## How to buy USDT for tenge legally https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/obuchenie/kak-kupit-usdt/ In Kazakhstan you can exchange crypto for tenge through companies licensed by the National Bank. The list of operators is published in the NBK registry. Here is the typical process. ### 1. Choose an exchanger Compare buy rates on the home page and the final amount in the calculator. The board rate is not always what you get: some exchangers charge a service fee or a markup that depends on the amount. ### 2. Sign up and verify A licensed exchanger must identify its clients. You usually need: - a phone number and email; - an ID card or passport; - a selfie or video verification. Verification takes from a few minutes to a day. ### 3. Prepare a wallet You need somewhere to receive the USDT: your own non-custodial wallet or an exchange account. Copy the address and note which network it uses. See the lesson on networks. Copy the address only from the wallet itself. Never take addresses from chats or messages: that is a common scam. ### 4. Create an order and pay Enter the tenge amount, the network and the address. Payment is usually by card or transfer from a bank account in your own name. Payments from someone else's card will be rejected. ### 5. Receive USDT Once payment is confirmed, the exchanger sends USDT to your address. A Tron transfer takes a minute or two; Ethereum can be slower when the network is busy. You can track the transaction in a block explorer by its hash. ### Keep in mind - Limits. Exchangers have minimum and maximum deal sizes. - Fees. Your bank may charge for the transfer and the blockchain charges for withdrawal. - Records. Keep receipts and statements: you will need them to calculate tax when you sell. ## How to choose a crypto exchanger https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/obuchenie/kak-vybrat-obmennik/ The lowest board rate is not always the best deal. Check an exchanger on five points. ### 1. Licence Use only operators listed in the National Bank registry. A licensed exchanger is audited, verifies clients and answers to the regulator. The company name on the exchanger's website should match the registry. ### 2. Final rate, not the board Exchangers show prices differently: - some show the rate before a service fee and deduct it from the amount; - some change the markup depending on the order size; - some build everything into the rate. So compare the amount you actually receive. The calculator does this by applying each exchanger's published tariffs. ### 3. Spread The spread is the gap between buy and sell prices. A narrow spread matters if you plan to sell the USDT later, not just buy it. ### 4. Limits and payment methods Check the minimum and maximum deal and the payment options: card, bank transfer, cash. Some exchangers give a better rate on large amounts. ### 5. Speed and support See how quickly the exchanger sends crypto after payment and how to reach support. Good signs: clear terms on the website and a support reply within a business day. If an "exchanger" contacts you first in a messenger and offers a rate well above the market, it is almost certainly a scam. See the lesson on scams. ### Checklist Item | Where to check | Licence | NBK registry | Final amount | Cryptokurs calculator | Fees and limits | Terms on the exchanger's site | Company name | Public offer, site footer | ## USDT networks: TRC20, ERC20 and TON https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/obuchenie/seti-trc20-erc20-ton/ USDT is issued on several blockchains at once. The token has the same value everywhere, but technically these are separate records on separate networks. You cannot move USDT from one network to another directly. ### Main networks Network | Blockchain | Address starts with | Fee | Speed | TRC20 | Tron | T | Usually about $1 or more | 1–3 minutes | ERC20 | Ethereum | 0x | From cents to a few $ | Depends on load | TON | The Open Network | UQ or EQ | Cents | Seconds | Fees change with network load and the price of the network's token. The exchanger or exchange shows the exact amount at withdrawal. ### Why the network matters Addresses on different networks look different and are incompatible. If you send ERC20 USDT to an address expecting TRC20, the transfer will not reach the recipient, and recovery is often impossible. Before every transfer check three things: the sender's network, the recipient's network and the address. For a new pair of wallets send a small test amount first. ### Choosing a network - TRC20 is supported by almost every exchanger and exchange and is the most common choice. - ERC20 is needed for Ethereum apps. - TON suits small transfers and is supported by the wallet in Telegram. ### Network fees and gas On Tron you pay fees in TRX, on Ethereum in ETH, on TON in TON. If you keep USDT in your own wallet, hold a little of the network token there, or you will not be able to send USDT. ### In short Pick the network the recipient supports. Copy the address from the wallet, check the network twice and test new routes with a small transfer. ## How to store crypto safely https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/obuchenie/bezopasnoe-hranenie/ Crypto is not stored "in a wallet" but on the blockchain. The wallet holds the keys that let you spend the coins. Whoever has the keys owns the money. ### Two ways to store | Custodial | Non-custodial | Who holds the keys | An exchange or service | You | Forgot your password | Support restores access | Restore from the seed phrase | Main risk | Account freeze, service failure | Losing the seed phrase | Examples | Exchange account | Mobile or hardware wallet | For small amounts and frequent trades an exchange account is convenient. For long-term storage of larger sums your own wallet is safer, ideally a hardware one. ### Seed phrase A seed phrase is 12 or 24 words that restore every key in the wallet. Anyone who learns it gets your funds. - Write it on paper and keep it somewhere safe, preferably in two places. - Do not photograph it or keep it in notes, the cloud or messengers. - Never share it. Support, exchangers and "technicians" never ask for it. If someone asks for your seed phrase or offers to "sync your wallet" via a link, it is a scam. ### Account protection - Turn on two-factor authentication with an app, not SMS. - Use a unique password for every exchange and email account. - Enable a withdrawal address whitelist if the exchange supports it. ### Before a large transfer - Send a test amount. - Check the first and last characters of the address. - Check the network; see the lesson on networks. ### In short Your keys, your responsibility. Seed phrase on paper only, two-factor everywhere, a test transfer before a large one. ## Crypto scams: how to spot them https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/obuchenie/moshennichestvo/ Crypto transfers cannot be reversed, which is why scammers love them. Most schemes repeat themselves and are easy to recognise. ### Common schemes #### Messenger "exchangers" Someone messages you on Telegram or WhatsApp offering USDT at a rate better than the market. After you pay, the "manager" disappears. Licensed exchangers work through their own website or app, not private messages. #### Phishing sites A copy of an exchanger or exchange site with a similar address. You enter your login, password and code, and the scammers take over your account. Open sites only from bookmarks or via links from the registry and the home page. #### "Investments" with guaranteed returns They promise 20–30% a month and show a growing balance in your dashboard, but never let you withdraw or demand a "withdrawal tax". This is a pyramid scheme. #### Money mules You are offered money to receive transfers on your card and buy crypto with them. This is money laundering, and the cardholder is held responsible. #### Address swapping Malware or a scammer swaps the wallet address in your clipboard or in a chat. Check the address before sending. ### Warning signs - a rate noticeably better than licensed exchangers; - pressure: "this offer is valid for 10 minutes"; - requests for your seed phrase, SMS code or to install remote access software; - payment to a private person's card; - guaranteed returns. No legitimate company will ask for your seed phrase or a confirmation code. If someone does, stop talking to them. ### If you were scammed - Save the chats, addresses and transaction hashes. - File a report with the police. - Notify the exchange where the funds went: sometimes they can be frozen. - Do not pay "recovery helpers": that is the second wave of the scam. ## Crypto taxes in Kazakhstan in 2026 https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/obuchenie/nalogi-na-kriptu/ Kazakhstan's new Tax Code applies from 2026. An individual's income from selling digital assets counts as property income and is subject to personal income tax (IIT). This lesson explains the general rules and is not tax advice. For complex cases, consult a tax adviser. ### What is taxed Not the whole sale amount but the profit: the sale price minus the documented purchase price. Situation | Tax | Bought and holding | No income, no tax | Sold for more than you paid | IIT on the difference | Sold for less than you paid | No profit | You must document the purchase price: exchanger receipts, bank statements, exchange reports. Without documents your costs may not be recognised. ### Rates Annual income | IIT rate | Up to 8,500 MCI (36,762,500 ₸ in 2026) | 10% | Above 8,500 MCI | 15% on the excess | The monthly calculation index (MCI) is 4,325 ₸ in 2026. The progressive rate applies to annual income, so your other taxable income matters too. ### Example You bought USDT for 1,000,000 ₸ and sold it for 1,500,000 ₸. The profit is 500,000 ₸ and IIT at 10% is 50,000 ₸. Work out your own case in the tax calculator. ### How to declare Property income is declared on form 270.00 after the year ends. You can file it through the taxpayer's online account or eGov. The tax is paid after filing within the set deadline. ### Possible exemption The government has proposed exempting income from deals via Kazakhstan digital asset providers in 2026–2028. At the time of this update the amendments have not been adopted. Follow official announcements from the State Revenue Committee. ### What to keep - purchase receipts and confirmations from the exchanger; - bank statements for the payments; - sale confirmations and tenge receipts; - transaction hashes if you moved funds between wallets. ## How to read an exchanger's rate https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/obuchenie/kak-chitat-kurs/ An exchanger's board shows two numbers. To avoid confusion, read them from the client's side. ### Buy and sell - Buy: how many tenge you pay for 1 USDT. Lower is better. - Sell: how many tenge you receive for 1 USDT. Higher is better. On Cryptokurs the labels are always from your side: "buy" means you are buying. ### Spread The spread is the gap between buy and sell. If buy is 460 ₸ and sell is 450 ₸, the spread is 10 ₸, or about 2.2%. That is what you lose if you buy and immediately sell. Buy | Sell | Spread | Spread, % | 460 ₸ | 450 ₸ | 10 ₸ | 2.2% | 458 ₸ | 455 ₸ | 3 ₸ | 0.7% | ### Why it is not the dollar rate USDT is pegged to the dollar, but exchangers add a markup for risk, banking and liquidity. So buying USDT is usually slightly above the official NBK rate and selling slightly below. The official rate is shown on the home page next to exchanger rates. ### Final rate The board rate can differ from what you get: - Service fee. A fixed amount plus a percentage reduces the result, especially on small amounts. - Amount-based markup. Small orders get a worse rate, large ones a better rate. - Bank and network fees are paid separately. The final rate is the tenge amount divided by the USDT you receive. The calculator works it out for every exchanger at once. Example: you pay 100,000 ₸ and receive 215 USDT. The final rate is 100,000 / 215 ≈ 465.1 ₸, even if the board says 460 ₸. ### In short Look at the result, not the board: how much USDT you get for your amount. A narrow spread matters if you plan to both buy and sell. ## P2P or exchanger: where is it safer to buy USDT https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/obuchenie/p2p-ili-obmennik/ P2P (peer-to-peer) means a deal directly between two people: you send tenge to the seller's card and they release USDT to you through an exchange platform. An exchanger licensed by the National Bank of Kazakhstan sells USDT itself, on behalf of a company. ### Comparison Criterion | P2P | Licensed exchanger | Counterparty | A stranger | A legal entity in the NBK registry | Payment | Transfer to a private card | Payment to the company from your account | Card block risk | High | Low | Fraud | Common receipt and "third party" schemes | Only phishing copies of websites | Tax documents | Usually none | Receipt and statement | Rate | Sometimes slightly better | Transparent, comparable on Cryptokurs | ### The main P2P risk: the "third party" A scammer buys USDT from you and has a victim send you the money, promising the victim something else. You release the USDT, the victim complains to the bank and your card is blocked as the recipient of stolen funds. More in the lesson on P2P scams. ### When to choose which - An exchanger suits most deals: regular purchases, selling large amounts, whenever you need tax documents. - P2P is sometimes used for currencies and payment methods exchangers do not offer. If you use it, trade only with established sellers with a long history and never accept money from third parties. Compare licensed exchangers on the home page and in the calculator. ## Binance and Bybit in Kazakhstan: how they work and how they differ from exchangers https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/obuchenie/binance-bybit-v-kazahstane/ An exchange and an exchanger solve different problems. An exchanger sells or buys crypto from you for tenge at a fixed rate. An exchange matches orders from many users and lets you trade hundreds of coins. ### How exchanges work in Kazakhstan International exchanges set up separate legal entities in Kazakhstan inside the Astana International Financial Centre (AIFC). The AIFC has its own law, and financial firms there are licensed by the AFSA regulator. More in the lesson on the AIFC and AIX. Exchangers in the NBK registry are regulated by the National Bank and operate under the law of the Republic of Kazakhstan. ### Exchange or exchanger Task | Better choice | Buy USDT for tenge once | Exchanger | Sell USDT and get tenge on a card | Exchanger | Swap USDT for other coins | Exchange | Active trading, orders, charts | Exchange | Need a receipt for tax | Exchanger, an exchange issues statements on request | ### Combining an exchanger and an exchange Many people buy USDT at an exchanger with the best rate, then send it to an exchange and swap it there. To avoid losing money: - Copy the USDT deposit address on the exchange and check the network. - Enter that address and network in the exchanger order. - Send a test amount for the first transfer. The lesson on TRC20, ERC20 and TON explains how not to mix up networks. ### Risks Keeping large amounts on an exchange is risky: accounts can be frozen and exchanges hacked. For long-term storage use your own wallet, see the lesson on cold wallets. ## The AIFC and AIX: Astana's crypto exchanges explained https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/obuchenie/mfca-aix/ ### What the AIFC is The Astana International Financial Centre (AIFC) was launched in 2018 as a financial hub with its own legal system. Disputes go to a separate court, and financial firms are licensed by the Astana Financial Services Authority (AFSA). ### Crypto exchanges in the AIFC The AIFC was among the first in the region to adopt rules for digital asset platforms, which is why international crypto exchanges open their Kazakh entities there. More in the lesson on Binance and Bybit in Kazakhstan. You can check whether an exchange holds AFSA permission in the regulator's public register. The legal entity name must match the one in the exchange's user agreement. ### AIX Astana International Exchange (AIX) is the AIFC's stock exchange, where shares and bonds are traded. Do not confuse AIX with crypto exchanges: they are different companies and different markets. ### AIFC or NBK exchanger | AIFC crypto exchange | NBK-registry exchanger | Regulator | AFSA | National Bank of Kazakhstan | Law | AIFC law | Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan | What it does | Trading between users | Exchanging tenge for crypto at the company's rate | Where to check | AFSA register | NBK registry | For a simple tenge to USDT exchange an exchanger is easier: the rate is known upfront and you can compare them on Cryptokurs. The legal framework is covered in the lesson on the digital assets law. ## The digital assets law in Kazakhstan: what is allowed and what is not https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/obuchenie/zakon-o-tsifrovyh-aktivah/ The Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan "On Digital Assets in the Republic of Kazakhstan" was signed in February 2023. It laid the foundation for regulating crypto, mining and exchange. ### Secured and unsecured assets Type | What it is | Examples | Secured | Grants rights to goods, services or money | Tokenised assets | Unsecured | No backing, value set by the market | Bitcoin, Ethereum, most coins | ### What individuals may do - own crypto and keep it in their own wallet; - buy and sell crypto with licensed operators; - withdraw income in tenge to their own bank account. ### What is not allowed - paying for goods and services with crypto inside Kazakhstan; - running a crypto exchange business without a license; - hiding income from crypto sales from the tax office. ### Exchange licenses In 2026 the National Bank of Kazakhstan began licensing digital asset exchange operators. They are listed in the registry, and Cryptokurs compares their rates in real time. AIFC platforms operate in parallel, see the lesson on the AIFC and AIX. ### Taxes From 2026, under the new Tax Code, an individual's profit from selling digital assets is subject to personal income tax at 10% or 15%. Details in the lessons on crypto taxes and form 270.00. Digital asset legislation changes quickly. Before a large deal, check official sources or consult a professional. ## KYC and AML: why an exchanger asks for documents and a selfie https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/obuchenie/kyc-aml/ ### What KYC is KYC (Know Your Customer) is identity verification. It usually includes: - an ID card or passport; - a selfie or short video matched against the document; - a phone number and email; - sometimes proof of address or source of funds for large amounts. ### What AML is AML (Anti-Money Laundering) is a set of measures against money laundering. In Kazakhstan its requirements are set by the law on countering the legalisation of criminal proceeds, supervised by the Financial Monitoring Agency. For the customer, AML means the exchanger may: - ask where the money came from for large amounts; - screen a wallet address for links to fraud or sanctions; - refuse or pause a deal pending checks. ### Why "no verification" is dangerous A licensed operator cannot work without KYC. If a service promises exchange without documents, it either has no license or plans to disappear with your money. Check the company in the NBK registry. ### How to protect your data - Upload documents only on the exchanger's official website, verified against the registry. - Never send passport photos via Telegram or WhatsApp, even to a "support manager". - Enable two-factor authentication on your exchanger account. Related lessons: card blocks and how to choose an exchanger. ## Card blocked over crypto: why it happens and what to do https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/obuchenie/blokirovka-kart/ ### Why banks block cards Kazakh banks are required to detect suspicious operations under anti-money-laundering law. With crypto this usually means: - many incoming transfers from different individuals in a short time; - a transfer from someone who later reported fraud; - transit operations: money comes in and immediately goes out; - large amounts that do not match the card's usual turnover. ### A typical scenario You sell USDT on P2P. The buyer is a scammer who has a victim send you tenge. The victim goes to the bank, and your card is blocked as the recipient of stolen money. The scheme is covered in the lesson on P2P scams. ### What to do if your card is blocked - Call the bank and ask for the reason. - Gather evidence: the deal history on the platform, chats, the USDT transaction hash. - Explain the origin of the funds in writing if the bank asks. - If you were defrauded, file a police report. ### How to avoid a block - Buy and sell through licensed exchangers: the money comes from a company. - Use a card in your name and never accept payments from third parties. - Do not turn your personal card into a transit account for other people's money. - Keep receipts and statements: both the bank and the tax office may need them. Compare where to sell USDT on the sell USDT page. ## Form 270.00 for crypto: how to declare your income https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/obuchenie/deklaratsiya-270/ Form 270.00 is the individual's declaration of income and property. It covers income on which tax was not withheld at source, including profit from selling digital assets. ### 1. Calculate your income Income equals the sale price minus the documented purchase price. Example: you bought 1,000 USDT for 455,000 ₸ and sold for 470,000 ₸. Your income is 15,000 ₸. Operation | Amount | Sale of 1,000 USDT | 470,000 ₸ | Purchase of 1,000 USDT | 455,000 ₸ | Income | 15,000 ₸ | Personal income tax 10% | 1,500 ₸ | ### 2. Collect documents - exchanger statements or receipts for the purchase and sale; - bank statements showing tenge debited and credited; - for exchange trading: an annual trade report. Licensed exchangers in the NBK registry issue such documents, while proving the purchase price for P2P deals is usually hard. ### 3. Fill in the declaration The declaration is completed in the taxpayer's account on the State Revenue Committee website or via eGov. Income from digital assets goes in the other income section, and the system calculates the tax at the applicable rate. ### 4. File and pay the tax File the declaration by the deadline set by the Tax Code and pay the tax. Current deadlines and budget classification codes are published by the State Revenue Committee. This lesson is not tax advice. For large amounts or complex operations, consult a tax adviser. General rules are in the lesson on crypto taxes, and you can estimate the tax in the "Tax" tab of the calculator. ## USDT or USDC: which stablecoin to choose https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/obuchenie/usdt-ili-usdc/ USDT and USDC are stablecoins pegged to the US dollar: one token should be worth about one dollar. The difference is who issues them and how reserves are verified. ### Comparison | USDT | USDC | Issuer | Tether | Circle | Jurisdiction | El Salvador | USA | Reserve reporting | Regular attestations | Monthly auditor attestations | Main networks | Tron (TRC20), Ethereum, TON and others | Ethereum, Solana, Base and others | Liquidity in Kazakhstan | Every exchanger | Limited | ### When to choose USDT - you need to swap tenge for a stablecoin and back at a licensed exchanger; - cheap transfers on TRC20 or TON matter; - you want maximum liquidity on exchanges and P2P. ### When to choose USDC - you hold dollars in crypto long term and value issuer transparency; - you use services that accept only USDC. ### Stablecoin risks Every stablecoin rests on trust in the issuer's reserves. The issuers of USDT and USDC can also freeze tokens at a specific address at the request of authorities. Do not keep more in one stablecoin than you can afford to lose. More about USDT itself in the lesson what is USDT, and the live rate is on the home page. ## Network fees for sending USDT: TRC20, ERC20, TON, BEP20 https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/obuchenie/komissii-setei/ A network fee pays the blockchain's validators or miners for processing a transfer. It is charged by the network, not the exchanger, although the exchanger may pass it on to the customer. ### Network comparison Network | Standard | Fee paid in | Cost | Speed | Tron | TRC20 | TRX or "energy" | Low | 1-3 minutes | TON | Jetton | TON | Very low | Seconds | Ethereum | ERC20 | ETH | Medium to high | Minutes | BNB Chain | BEP20 | BNB | Low | Minutes | ### Why the fee changes - Congestion. On Ethereum fees can multiply when demand is high. - Price of the network coin. Fees are paid in TRX, ETH or TON, so when their price rises a transfer costs more in tenge. - Account resources. On Tron a transfer can be much cheaper if you have "energy". ### How to save - Choose an inexpensive network supported by both sender and recipient. - Send in one transaction rather than several small ones. - Keep a little of the network coin (TRX, ETH, TON) in your wallet for fees. Sending on a network the recipient does not support can lose the funds. The network matters more than saving on the fee. Network differences are covered in the lesson on TRC20, ERC20 and TON, and step-by-step instructions in how to send USDT. ## Cold wallet: how to store crypto offline https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/obuchenie/holodnyi-koshelek/ ### Hot and cold wallets | Hot | Cold | Where keys live | On an internet-connected phone or computer | On an offline device | Convenience | High | Lower, the device must be connected | Hack protection | Medium | High | Best for | Daily transfers | Large amounts and long-term storage | ### Types of cold storage - Hardware wallet. A device that signs transactions internally. The most convenient option. - Paper wallet. A key written on paper. Rarely used today because it is inconvenient. - Offline phone. An old smartphone with no SIM or Wi-Fi running a wallet app. ### How to choose and buy a hardware wallet - Choose well-known brands with open documentation and support for USDT on the network you need. - Buy only from the official manufacturer or an authorised reseller. No second-hand devices or private sales. - Check that the packaging is sealed and the device generates the seed phrase itself on first setup. If a wallet arrives with a pre-written seed phrase in the box, it is a scam. Do not send funds to it. ### The main rule A cold wallet is only as secure as its seed phrase. The lesson on the seed phrase explains how to store it, and general rules are in safe storage. ## Wallet in Telegram: is it convenient to keep USDT in a messenger https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/obuchenie/telegram-wallet/ ### How Telegram wallets work Telegram has a built-in crypto wallet and third-party wallets as mini apps. They usually have two modes: Mode | Who holds the keys | Pros | Cons | Custodial | The service | No seed phrase to store, easy recovery | The service can freeze funds | Non-custodial | You | Full control over funds | Losing the seed phrase means losing the money | ### How to receive USDT from an exchanger - Open the wallet and choose "Receive" for USDT. - Choose the network. TON is most common in Telegram, but many wallets also support TRC20. - Copy the address and enter the same network in the exchanger order. - Send a small amount for the first transfer. More on networks in the lesson on TRC20, ERC20 and TON. ### How to protect the wallet - Enable Telegram's cloud password: without it, an account takeover gives access to a custodial wallet. - Do not follow links to "bonuses" and "airdrops" in chats: it is a common way to steal funds. - In non-custodial mode write the seed phrase on paper, see the lesson on the seed phrase. ### When you need another wallet If you hold a large amount or store it for a long time, use a separate non-custodial or cold wallet. ## P2P scams: USDT schemes and how to spot them https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/obuchenie/moshennichestvo-p2p/ ### The "third party" scheme - A scammer posts an ad to buy USDT at a good rate. - In parallel they sell goods or services to a victim and give the victim your payment details. - The victim pays you, and you release USDT to the scammer. - The victim never gets the goods, goes to the bank, and your card is blocked. Protection: the sender's name must match the verified buyer's name on the platform. If it does not, return the money to the sender and cancel the deal. ### Fake receipt The buyer sends a screenshot of a "successful transfer", but no money arrives. Protection: check incoming funds only in your banking app. ### Fake support A "platform employee" appears in the chat and asks you to release USDT, promising a guarantee. Protection: support never messages you first in private and never asks you to release funds. ### Moving off the platform You are asked to continue in Telegram "without fees". Protection: off the platform there is no escrow and no arbitration. ### How to trade more safely - Choose counterparties with a long history and high rating. - Never accept payments from third parties, even "from my wife" or "from accounting". - Do not turn your personal card into a transit account. - For large amounts use licensed exchangers. Why this affects cards is explained in the lesson on card blocks, and the two approaches are compared in P2P or exchanger. ## Fake crypto exchangers: how to spot a fake https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/obuchenie/feikovye-obmenniki/ ### Signs of a fake exchanger - Not in the registry. The company is missing from the NBK registry, and the site shows no BIN or license number. - Look-alike domain. The address differs by one letter, an extra hyphen or a different domain zone. - Rate too good. The offer is far better than every licensed exchanger. - Payment to a private card. A real exchanger accepts payments to a company account. - No verification. A licensed exchanger must verify customers, see the lesson on KYC and AML. - Pressure. "The rate is valid for 5 minutes", "2 slots left", urgency and persuasion. ### Check an exchanger in two minutes - Find the legal entity and BIN on the website. - Compare them with the registry. - Check the domain: it must match the official website from a reliable source. - Bookmark the real site and use only the bookmark. ### Where links to fakes come from - search and social media ads placed above real results; - Telegram messages from "managers" and "support"; - channels promoting "signals" and "arbitrage". ### If you have already sent money - Call your bank and ask to suspend or recall the transfer. - Save screenshots of the site, payment details, chats and the transaction hash. - File a police report. Other schemes are covered in the lessons on scams and P2P scams. ## What is bitcoin, in plain words https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/obuchenie/chto-takoe-bitkoin/ Bitcoin (BTC) launched in 2009. Its creator, known by the pseudonym Satoshi Nakamoto, described an electronic cash system that works without banks or a central issuer. ### How bitcoin works - Blockchain. All transfers are recorded in a shared public ledger kept by thousands of computers. - Mining. Miners confirm transfers and receive new coins and fees in return. - Keys. Whoever holds the private key to an address owns the bitcoin. Losing the key means losing the coins. ### Why supply is limited The network rules cap supply at 21 million BTC. Roughly every four years a halving cuts the miner reward in half, so new coins appear more slowly. That is why bitcoin is often called "digital gold". ### What drives the tenge price The BTC price in tenge has two parts: - the global bitcoin price in dollars, set by supply and demand; - the tenge to dollar exchange rate. That is why exchanger quotes change constantly. See the live rate on the BTC to tenge page. ### Risks - Volatility. The price can move tens of percent in a month. - Irreversibility. A mistaken transfer cannot be undone. - Fraud. "Bitcoin doubling" schemes and fake exchanges. The lesson how to buy bitcoin explains the steps, and what is USDT explains how it differs from a stablecoin. ## What is Ethereum and why ETH matters https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/obuchenie/chto-takoe-ethereum/ Ethereum launched in 2015. Its key idea is that a blockchain can run not only transfers but also programs, called smart contracts. ### What a smart contract is A program on the blockchain that executes automatically when set conditions are met. Smart contracts power: - tokens, including USDT and USDC in the ERC20 standard; - decentralised exchanges and lending services; - NFTs and games. ### Why ETH is needed - Paying fees. Every operation on Ethereum is paid in ETH. - Staking. ETH holders can lock coins to secure the network and earn rewards. - An asset. ETH is the second-largest cryptocurrency by market cap after bitcoin. ### ETH and USDT transfers If you received USDT on ERC20, you need a small amount of ETH on the same address to send it on. That is why many people choose cheaper networks for small amounts, see the lesson on network fees. ### Where to buy ETH in Kazakhstan ETH buy and sell rates at licensed exchangers are on the ETH to tenge page, and you can calculate an amount in the converter. ### Risks ETH is as volatile as bitcoin. Smart contracts can contain bugs, and phishing sites often ask you to "connect your wallet". Connect only to services whose address you have verified. ## How to buy bitcoin with tenge: a step-by-step guide https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/obuchenie/kak-kupit-bitkoin/ ### 1. Choose an exchanger Not every exchanger sells bitcoin for tenge. Compare the buy rate and spread on the BTC to tenge page, and the amount for your budget in the converter. Make sure the company is in the NBK registry. ### 2. Prepare a BTC wallet A bitcoin address usually starts with bc1, 1 or 3 and differs from a USDT address. A mobile non-custodial wallet or a cold wallet works. Write down the seed phrase on paper before receiving funds. ### 3. Pass verification The exchanger will ask for an ID and a selfie. It is a legal requirement, see the lesson on KYC and AML. ### 4. Create an order Enter the amount in tenge, choose BTC and paste your wallet address. Compare the first and last characters after pasting: malware can swap addresses in the clipboard. ### 5. Pay from a card in your name Payments from other people's cards are rejected. Keep the receipt: it proves your purchase price for tax. ### 6. Confirm receipt The exchanger sends a transaction hash. Look it up in a bitcoin block explorer and wait for confirmations. After that the BTC is yours. The lesson what is bitcoin explains how it works. ## How to sell USDT for tenge: a step-by-step guide https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/obuchenie/kak-prodat-usdt/ ### 1. Compare the payout Open the sell USDT page or the calculator. Look at the final amount in tenge rather than the board rate: some exchangers charge a fixed fee that hits small amounts hard. ### 2. Check the exchanger Make sure the company is in the NBK registry and the website address matches the official one. The lesson on fake exchangers explains how to spot a fake. ### 3. Create an order Enter the amount of USDT, the network and a card or account in your name. The exchanger shows the address to send USDT to. ### 4. Send USDT Copy the address from the order and choose the same network in your wallet. Check the network fee before sending, see the lesson on network fees. For a first deal you can send a test amount if the exchanger allows it. ### 5. Receive tenge Once the transaction is confirmed, the exchanger transfers tenge to your account. Keep the receipt and the transaction hash. ### 6. Account for tax If you sold USDT for more than you paid, the difference is subject to personal income tax. More in the lessons on taxes and form 270.00. ## How to send USDT to another wallet or exchange without mistakes https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/obuchenie/kak-otpravit-usdt/ ### 1. Find out the recipient's network Ask the recipient or check the exchange's deposit page to see which network it accepts USDT on: TRC20, ERC20, TON or another. Send only on that network. ### 2. Copy the address Copy the full address from the recipient's wallet or exchange. Do not type it by hand or take it from old chats. After pasting, compare the first and last 4-6 characters. ### 3. Check the memo Some exchanges require a memo (comment) for TON. If the deposit page has that field, copy it too. ### 4. Check the fee Make sure your wallet holds the network coin for the fee: TRX for TRC20, ETH for ERC20, TON for TON. More in the lesson on network fees. ### 5. Send a test amount For the first transfer to a new address, send a small amount and wait for it to arrive. A test fee is cheaper than a mistake. ### 6. Send the rest and save the hash After a successful test, send the remainder. Save the transaction hash: it lets you find the transfer in a block explorer and prove it was made. Never send USDT at the request of "support" or a stranger, even if they promise a refund or bonus. Network differences are covered in the lesson on TRC20, ERC20 and TON. ## Spread and markup: what you really pay an exchanger https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/obuchenie/spred-i-nacenka/ ### What the spread is An exchanger publishes two rates: - buy is the price at which you buy USDT from the exchanger; - sell is the price at which the exchanger buys USDT back from you. The difference is the spread. Example: buy 458 ₸, sell 448 ₸. The spread is 10 ₸, or about 2.2%. ### What the cost of an exchange consists of Component | How it works | Where to see it | Spread | Built into the buy and sell rates | The exchanger's board | Service fee | A fixed amount plus a percentage per trade | Exchanger terms | Size-based markup | A worse rate on small orders | Tariffs and calculator | Network fee | The blockchain's charge for a transfer | Order, wallet | ### How to calculate the real price The real rate equals what you paid divided by the USDT received. Example: you paid 100,000 ₸ and received 210 USDT. The real rate is 476.19 ₸, even if the board said 458 ₸. That is exactly how the Cryptokurs calculator and the converter pages calculate. ### Why exchangers use different models - some put the entire margin in the spread and charge no fees; - others keep a narrow spread but charge a fixed fee; - others change the markup with the amount. No model is worse in itself: one wins for small amounts, another for large ones. Head-to-head comparisons are in the comparisons section. Rate basics are in the lesson how to read an exchanger rate. ## Seed phrase: what it is and how to store it https://cryptokurs.100k.kz/en/obuchenie/seed-fraza/ ### What a seed phrase is When you create a non-custodial wallet, it generates 12 or 24 random words from a standard list. All the wallet's keys and addresses are derived from them mathematically. Losing your phone is not a problem if the seed phrase is saved. Losing the seed phrase means losing access forever. ### How to write it down - Write the words on paper in pen, in order, with numbers. - Check the spelling of every word. - Make a second copy and keep it in a different place. - For long-term storage a metal plate works: it does not burn or get wet. ### What not to do - take photos or screenshots; - store it in notes, email, messengers or the cloud; - enter it on websites or in "wallet check" and "sync" forms; - read it out over the phone or show it on a video call. ### If the seed phrase may have leaked - Create a new wallet with a new seed phrase right away. - Move all funds to the new address. - Stop using the old wallet. No exchange, exchanger or wallet support will ever ask for your seed phrase. If someone does, they are scammers. General protection rules are in the lessons on safe storage and cold wallets. ## Crypto glossary ### AIFC The Astana International Financial Centre, a special zone with its own law, where crypto exchanges are licensed by the AFSA regulator. The AIFC was set up in 2018. It applies law based on English common law and has its own court. International crypto exchanges open their Kazakh entities in the AIFC. This is a separate regime from the National Bank of Kazakhstan license for exchangers. ### AML Measures against money laundering. Exchangers and banks monitor suspicious operations. In Kazakhstan AML requirements are set by the law on countering the legalisation of criminal proceeds, supervised by the Financial Monitoring Agency. Because of AML a bank may block a card over suspicious P2P transfers, and an exchanger may screen your wallet address for links to fraud. ### Bitcoin The first decentralised cryptocurrency, with supply capped at 21 million coins. Bitcoin (BTC) was launched in 2009 by a person or group using the pseudonym Satoshi Nakamoto. It runs without a central issuer: miners confirm transfers and the rules are written in open-source code. The BTC price in tenge depends on the global dollar price and the tenge rate. The smallest unit is the satoshi. Bitcoin can be bought legally from licensed exchangers. ### Blockchain A shared public ledger of transactions kept by thousands of independent computers. A blockchain consists of blocks of transactions linked into a chain. Changing a past record is practically impossible because it would require rewriting every later block on most network nodes. That is why blockchain transfers are irreversible, and any transaction can be checked by its hash in a block explorer. ### Cold wallet A way of storing crypto where keys never touch an internet-connected device. Most often this is a hardware wallet: a device that signs transactions internally. Hacking it over the internet is practically impossible. Buy a hardware wallet only from the official manufacturer. If the box contains a pre-written seed phrase, it is a scam. ### Crypto exchange A platform where users trade crypto with each other at market prices. An exchange matches buy and sell orders and charges a trading fee. It offers hundreds of coins, charts and various order types. Major international exchanges operate in Kazakhstan through entities in the AIFC. For a simple tenge to USDT swap a crypto exchanger is often easier. ### Crypto exchanger A company that buys and sells crypto for fiat money at its own rate. Unlike an exchange, an exchanger is itself the other side of the deal: you buy USDT from the company at a published rate. In Kazakhstan only operators with an NBK license may legally exchange crypto for tenge. Cryptokurs compares their rates in real time. ### Custodial wallet A wallet where a company, not the user, holds the keys. In a non-custodial wallet only you hold them. An exchange account or a built-in messenger wallet is usually custodial: convenient, but the company can freeze funds. In a non-custodial wallet you fully control the funds but are responsible for the seed phrase. For large amounts a non-custodial or cold wallet is safer. ### Digital asset The legal term in Kazakh law for cryptocurrencies and tokens, which may be secured or unsecured. Unsecured digital assets such as bitcoin and Ethereum grant no rights to the issuer's goods or money. Secured ones certify such rights. From 2026 an individual's profit from selling digital assets is subject to personal income tax. More in the lesson on crypto taxes. ### ERC20 The token standard on Ethereum; transfer fees are paid in ETH and depend on network congestion. Most Ethereum tokens, including USDT and USDC, are issued in the ERC20 standard. Ethereum addresses start with 0x. ERC20 fees are usually higher than TRC20 or TON and rise when the network is busy. Sending requires some ETH. ### Ethereum A blockchain platform for smart contracts whose coin, ETH, pays network fees. Ethereum launched in 2015. It hosts tokens, including USDT in the ERC20 standard, decentralised exchanges and other applications. Every operation on Ethereum is paid in ETH, so sending ERC20 USDT requires a small amount of ether in the wallet. ### Halving The halving of bitcoin miners' reward, which happens roughly every four years. Halving is built into bitcoin's rules: it occurs every 210,000 blocks. As a result new coins appear ever more slowly until the total reaches 21 million. Halving is often discussed as a price driver, but the market prices it in ahead of time, and past cycles do not guarantee future gains. ### KYC Customer identity verification by ID and selfie, mandatory for licensed exchangers. KYC stands for Know Your Customer. The exchanger checks the customer's document, face and contact details, and may ask about the source of funds for large amounts. A service promising exchange without verification is almost certainly unlicensed. Send documents only through the official website of a company in the NBK registry. ### Mining Confirming blockchain transactions with computing power in exchange for new coins and fees. Miners collect transactions into blocks and compete to solve a computational puzzle. The winner adds the block and receives a reward. In Kazakhstan mining is a licensed activity under the digital assets law. More in the lesson on the digital assets law. ### NBK license A National Bank of Kazakhstan license to exchange digital assets; without it an exchanger operates illegally. Licensed companies are listed in the registry of digital asset exchange operators, with the name, BIN, license number and date, and address. Checking an exchanger is simple: the name and BIN on its website must match the registry entry. Cryptokurs compares rates only of licensed exchangers. ### Network fee The blockchain's charge for processing a transfer; it depends on the network and congestion, not the amount. Network fees go to validators or miners, not to the exchanger. They are paid in the network coin: TRX on Tron, ETH on Ethereum, TON on TON. Sending 10 USDT and 10,000 USDT on the same network costs about the same. An exchanger may include the fee in the rate or deduct it separately. ### P2P A crypto deal directly between two people, usually paid by card transfer. On a P2P platform the exchange locks the seller's USDT until payment arrives, but money moves directly between people. That makes P2P vulnerable to "third party" fraud. Frequent transfers from strangers can lead to a card block. Buying and selling USDT at licensed exchangers is safer. ### Private key A secret number that proves the right to spend funds at an address. Transactions are signed with the private key. The public wallet address is derived from it, but not the other way round. Users usually never see the key directly: the wallet stores it and restores it from the seed phrase. ### Satoshi The smallest unit of bitcoin. 1 satoshi equals 0.00000001 BTC. The unit is named after bitcoin's creator, Satoshi Nakamoto. Thanks to divisibility to eight decimals, bitcoin can be bought for any amount above the exchanger's minimum trade. Bitcoin network fees are often quoted in satoshis per byte of transaction data. ### Seed phrase A set of 12 or 24 words from which a wallet derives all its keys. Whoever knows the phrase owns the funds. A seed phrase lets you restore a non-custodial wallet on any device. Write it on paper or metal and keep it offline. No support team, exchange or exchanger will ever ask for your seed phrase. If someone does, they are scammers. ### Service fee An exchanger's charge per trade on top of the rate, charged as a fixed amount, a percentage or both. A service fee is deducted from the exchange amount. The fixed part weighs heavily on small trades: a 10,000 ₸ fee on a 50,000 ₸ purchase eats a fifth of the amount. A no-fee exchanger is not necessarily cheaper, as its margin may sit in the spread. The Cryptokurs calculator accounts for both. ### Solana A fast, low-fee blockchain whose coin, SOL, pays for operations and is used for staking. Solana processes thousands of transactions per second for a fraction of a cent. It hosts stablecoins, exchanges and applications. Some licensed exchangers in Kazakhstan publish a SOL to tenge rate, compare it on the SOL rate page. ### Spread The gap between an exchanger's buy and sell rates, its main source of income. If an exchanger sells USDT at 458 ₸ and buys at 448 ₸, the spread is 10 ₸, or about 2.2%. Buy and immediately sell, and you lose exactly the spread. A narrower spread means a cheaper exchange. But a service fee and size-based markup can come on top, so compare the final amount in the calculator. ### Stablecoin A cryptocurrency whose price is pegged to a stable asset, most often the US dollar. Stablecoins were created to get the convenience of crypto without sharp price swings. The best known are USDT and USDC. Stability rests on the issuer's reserves. The main risk is that the market doubts those reserves and the token loses its peg. The issuer can also freeze tokens at a specific address. ### TON The Open Network blockchain, linked to Telegram, with very low fees and fast transfers. On TON transfers settle in seconds, and fees are paid in Toncoin. USDT on TON is issued as a Jetton-standard token. TON is widely used by wallets inside Telegram. Some exchanges require a memo (comment) for TON deposits, without it funds are not credited automatically. ### Transaction hash A unique identifier of a blockchain transfer used to find it in a block explorer. After sending crypto, the wallet or exchanger shows a hash (TXID). Paste it into the block explorer for that network to see the amount, addresses, fee and number of confirmations. The hash is proof of transfer: save it for every deal, as exchanger support and the tax office may need it. ### TRC20 The token standard on the Tron network, the most popular network for USDT transfers thanks to low fees. USDT TRC20 lives on the Tron blockchain. A transfer takes 1-3 minutes, and the fee is paid in TRX or with the "energy" resource. Tron addresses start with the letter T. Send USDT TRC20 only to an address that supports this network. ### USDC A US-regulated stablecoin issued by Circle and pegged to the US dollar. USDC is issued by the US company Circle. Its reserves are held in dollars and short-term Treasury bills, and their composition is attested monthly by an auditor. USDC is considered more transparent than USDT but is less common at Kazakh exchangers. Its main networks are Ethereum, Solana and Base. ### USDT A stablecoin issued by Tether and pegged to the US dollar. 1 USDT is worth about 1 dollar. USDT is the most popular stablecoin in the world. It is issued by Tether, which states that every token is backed by reserves in dollars and US Treasury bills. In Kazakhstan USDT is bought for tenge at licensed exchangers to hold savings in dollar terms or to transfer money. The USDT to tenge rate is usually slightly above the official NBK dollar rate. USDT exists on several networks: TRC20, ERC20, TON and others. ### Wallet address A public string of characters you can send crypto to, like an account number. You can safely share an address: it shows incoming funds, but nobody can spend them without the private key. Each network has its own format: Tron addresses start with T, Ethereum with 0x, bitcoin with bc1, 1 or 3. Copy the full address and check the first and last characters after pasting.